pick-up

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
OPR06	CesrTA Program Overview	electron, emittance, damping, wiggler	30
	D. Rubin Cornell University - CLASSE
	The Cornell Electron Storage Ring (CESR) is configured as a test accelerator (CesrTA) for investigation of electron cloud phenomena in the regime of low emittance damping rings. The storage ring is equipped with superconducting damping wigglers and focusing optics to reduce horizontal emittance to 2.5 nm at 2.1GeV. The machine is instrumented with detectors (retarding field analyzers) to measure the growth of the electron cloud in wiggler magnets, dipoles, quadrupoles and field free drifts. Shielded button pickups are used to measure the time development of the cloud. A gated tune receiver is used to measure the cloud induced tune shift along a train of bunches and to identify sidebands associated with a head tail instability. An xray camera with high speed readout provides a single pass measurement of the vertical size of each bunch in a long train of bunches, so that emittance growth due to the electron cloud can be observed. Various mitigations are tested by installation of prepared vacuum chambers in association with retarding field analyzers. The phase shift in the transmission of a TE wave propagated between adjacent beam position monitors provides a measure of the local electron density, obviating the need for specialized detectors. We measure the energy dependence of the secondary emission yield of a variety of sample materials, including the effect of beam processing. We utilize high bandwidth precision beam position monitors to measure and correct transverse coupling and vertical dispersion in order to minimize vertical emittance. Our low emittance tuning procedure typically yields vertical emittance less than 20pm in one or two iterations, so that measurements of electron cloud effects peculiar to ultra-low emittance can be readily accomodated. Modeling and simulation of RFA detector response, electron cloud growth, electron cloud - beam interaction, cloud as plasma, and nonlinear beam dynamics provide context for interpretation of the experimental data, and motivation to pursue additional measurements and develop new experimental techniques.
	Slides
DYN00	Feedback Control of SPS E-clouds / Transverse Mode Coupled Instabilities	feedback, controls, kicker, simulation	50
	C. Rivetta, A. Bullitt, J. Fox, T. Mastorides, G. Ndabashimiye, M. Pivi, O. Turgut SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory R. Secondo, J. Vay LBNL W. Hofle, B. Salvant CERN
	Electron cloud driven instability can impose limitations on the maximum stored beam current in present and future accelerators. It drives inter-bunch and intra-bunch instabilities. Feedback control techniques have been proposed to mitigate transverse instabilities within a bunch as an extension of techniques used to control inter-bunch (coupled-bunch) instabilities. The US LHC Accelerator Research Program (LARP) has supported a collaboration between US labs and CERN to explore systems to mitigate E-cloud instabilities and transverse mode coupled instability (TMCI ) for the SPS and LHC machines. For intra-bunch (within a bunch) control of nanosecond scale bunch lengths the feedback channel has to be wide-band (GHz range) to be able to measure and control the vertical position of individual sections of a bunch. The design and implementation of the feedback control system involves the modeling and identification of the bunch dynamics, the design of a feedback control algorithm, and the selection of digital and analog hardware that operates in the GHz range. We present the goals of this collaboration and analyze the different research lines to implement and evaluate a full-function prototype feedback system for the SPS. We include details of the feedback system topology and technical limitations, modeling and identification of the bunch dynamics via simulators and machine measurements. We estimate the necessary control bandwidths, and complexity of the processing channel via design considerations for the control algorithm. Very initial efforts at modeling feedback control via reduced bunch models and semi-realistic feedback system specifications are presented.
	Slides
PST01	Implementation and Operation of Electron Cloud Diagnostics for CesrTA	vacuum, diagnostics, electron, quadrupole	83
	Y. Li, X. Liu, V. Medjidzade, J. Conway, M. Palmer Cornell University - CLASSE
	The vacuum system of Cornell Electron Storage Ring (CESR) was successfully reconfigured to support CesrTA physics programs, including electron cloud (EC) build-up and suppression studies. One of key features of the reconfigured CESR vacuum system is the flexibility for exchange of various vacuum chambers with minimized impact to the accelerator operations. This is achieved by creation of three short gate-valve isolated vacuum sections. Over the last three years, many vacuum chambers with various EC diagnostics (such as RFAs, shielded pickups, etc) were rotated through these short experimental sections. With these instrumented test chambers, EC build-up was studied in many magnetic field types, including dipoles, quadrupoles, wigglers and field-free drifts. EC suppression techniques by coating (TiN, NEG and a-C), surface textures (grooves) and clearing electrode are incorporated in these test chambers to evaluate their effectiveness. We present the implementation and operations of EC diagnostics.
PST03	Methods for Quantitative Interpretation of Retarding Field Analyzer Data	simulation, electron, photon, positron	91
	J. Calvey, J. Crittenden, G. Dugan, M. Palmer Cornell University - CLASSE K. Harkay Argonne National Laboratory
	A great deal of Retarding Field Analyzer (RFA) data has been taken as part of the CesrTA program at Cornell. Obtaining a quantitative understanding of this data requires use of cloud simulation programs, as well as a detailed model of the RFA itself. In some cases the RFA can be modeled by postprocessing the output of a simulation codes, and one can obtain “best fit” values for important simulation parameters using a systematic method to improve agreement between data and simulation. In other cases, in particular in high magnetic field regions, the presence of the RFA can have an effect on the cloud, and one needs to include a model of the RFA in the simulation program itself.
PST09	Electron Cloud Modeling Results for Time-Resolved Shielded Pickup Measurements at CesrTA	electron, vacuum, simulation, positron	123
	J. Crittenden, Y. Li, X. Liu, M. Palmer, J. Sikora Cornell University - CLASSE S. Calatroni, G. Rumolo CERN N. Omcikus University of California at Los Angeles
	The Cornell Electron Storage Ring Test Accelerator (CesrTA) program includes investigations into electron cloud buildup, applying various mitigation techniques in custom vacuum chambers. Among these are two 1.1-m-long sections located symmetrically in the east and west arc regions. These chambers are equipped with pickup detectors shielded against the direct beam-induced signal. They detect cloud electrons migrating through an 18-mm-diameter pattern of holes in the top of the chamber. A digitizing oscilloscope is used to record the signals, providing time-resolved information on cloud development. Carbon-coated, TiN-coated and uncoated aluminum chambers have been tested. Electron and positron beams of 2.1, 4.0 and 5.3 GeV with a variety of bunch populations and spacings in steps of 4 and 14 ns have been used. Here we report on results from the ECLOUD modeling code which highlight the sensitivity of these measurements to model parameters such as the photoelectron azimuthal and energy distributions at production, and the secondary yield parameters including the true secondary, rediffused, and elastic yield values. In particular, witness bunch studies exhibit high sensitivity to the elastic yield by providing information on cloud decay times.